Consonants
Bstandard value
Dstandard value
Fstandard value
Gstandard value
Hstandard value
Kstandard value
Mstandard value
Nstandard value
Pstandard value
Rstandard value
Tstandard value
Vstandard value
Zstandard value
Splain sibilant
SHpalatalized sibilant
Jdistinct sound; exact value undefined
JEdistinct sound; exact value undefined
Tsaffricate, as in “cats”
Ð (Eth)voiced “th,” as in “this”
Þ (Thorn)voiceless “th,” as in “thin”
Ngvelar nasal, as in “sing”
Lstandard value
Bundled cluster letters (single unified letters, not digraphs)
LWAunified cluster letter
KSHIunified cluster letter
TDSZEunified cluster letter
Base vowels
Ashort a
Eshort e
Ishort i, as in “pick”
Oshort o
Urounded back vowel, mouth slightly widened, shorter than Y
Y“oo” sound, longer, fully rounded lips
Ɨbarred-i, the Russian “ы” (yery) sound
Diphthongs
AAdiphthong
AIdiphthong
EIdiphthong
Accented vowels in use
á/Álong a
é/Élong e
í/Ílong i, as in “weak”
ó/Ólong o
ú/Úlong u
ä/Äfronted a
ö/Öfronted/rounded o
å/Ådistinct back rounded vowel
æ/Æash vowel
œ/Œseparate free vowel